Everything about Cush Bible totally explained
» See also: Kush
Cush () was the eldest son of
Ham, brother of
Canaan and the father of
Nimrod, mentioned in the "
Table of Nations" in the
Hebrew Bible (
Book of Genesis 10:6,
I Chronicles 1:8). The name is usually considered to be the
eponym of the people of
Kush.
According to
Genesis, Cush's other sons were Seba,
Havilah, Sabtah,
Raamah, and Sabtecah, names identified by modern scholars with Arabian tribes.
Josephus gives an account of the nation of Cush, son of Ham and grandson of
Noah: "For of the four sons of Ham, time hasn't at all hurt the name of Cush; for the
Ethiopians, over whom he reigned, are even at this day, both by themselves and by all men in
Asia, called Cushites." (
Antiquities of the Jews 1.6).
The existence of the historical Kingdom of
Kush in what is now northern Sudan can't be reasonably questioned, although the term may later have been employed with some latitude. In addition, the modern
Cushitic branch of the
Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by various populations in the
Horn of Africa, is named after the Biblical Cush. The Cushitic-speaking peoples today comprise the
Somali,
Afar,
Oromo and several other tribes, and are considered offspring of Cush in Masudi's
Meadows of Gold from 947 AD. The
Beja people, who also speak a Cushitic language, have specific genealogical traditions of descent from Cush.
Explorer
James Bruce, who visited the Ethiopia highlands c. 1770, wrote of "a tradition among the
Abyssinians, which they say they've had since time immemorial", that in the days after the Deluge, Cush, the son of Ham, travelled with his family up the Nile until they reached the
Atbara plain, then still uninhabited, from where they could see the Ethiopian table-land. There they ascended and built
Axum, and sometime later returned to the lowland, building
Meroe. He also states that European scholars of his own day had summarily rejected this account on grounds of their established theory, that Cush must have arrived in Africa via Arabia and the
Bab el Mandab.. Further, the great obelisk of Axum was said to have been erected by Cush in order to mark his allotted territory, and his son
Ityopp'is was said to have been buried there, according to the
Book of Aksum, which Bruce asserts was revered throughout Abyssinia equally with the
Kebre Negest.
The wife of
Moses was a Cushite, according to the
Book of Numbers 12:1.
Exagoge 60-65 by Ezekiel the Tragedian (fragments reproduced in
Eusebius) has Zipporah describe herself to Moses as a stranger in the land of Midian, and proceeds to describe the inhabitants of her ancestral lands in Africa:
"Stranger, this land is called Libya and theirs."
Scholars like
Johann Michaelis and Rosenmuller have proposed that the name
Cush was applied to tracts of country on both sides of the
Red Sea in the
Arabia (
Yemen) and in Africa. In the
5th century AD, the
Himyarites in the south of Arabia were styled by
Syrian writers as
Cushaeans and
Ethiopians.
Babylonian inscriptions mention the
Kashshi or
Kassites, and it was once held that this signified a possible explanation of Cush, the ancestor of Nimrod in
Genesis chapter 8.
Although decisive evidence is lacking, it's still alleged by some that the several references to Cush in the Old Testament don't refer to Ethiopia; however, its frequent inclusion with
Phut and
Mizraim (
Egypt) strongly suggests that it was at least considered to be African. Views on their precise location generally depend on how willing certain scholars are to concede that Ethiopia could have enjoyed the prominence claimed for it by others.
The rhetorical question "Can the Cushite change his skin?" in
Jeremiah 13:23 implies people of a markedly different skin color from the Israelites, probably an African people; also, the
Septuagint Greek translation of the Old Testament made by Greek-speaking Jews between ca.
250 BC and
100 BC uniformly translates Cush as "Ethiopia."
The Persian historian
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (c. 915) recounts a tradition that the wife of Cush was named Qarnabil, daughter of Batawil, son of
Tiras, and that she bore him the "Abyssinians, Sindis and Indians".
Another person named
Cush in the Hebrew Bible is a
Benjamite who is mentioned only in Psalm 7, and is believed to be a follower of
Saul.
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